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ambiguous image
Ambiguous images or reversible figures are optical illusion images which exploit graphical similarities and other properties of visual system interpretation between two or more distinct image forms. These are famous for inducing the phenomenon of multistable perception. Multistable perception is the occurrence of an image being able to provide multiple, although stable, perceptions. Classic examples of this are the rabbit-duck and the Rubin vase.〔Parkkonen, L., Andersson, J., Hämäläinen, M., & Hari, R. (2008). Early visual brain areas reflect the percept of an ambiguous scene. PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(51), 20500-20504. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810966105〕 Ambiguous images are important to the field of psychology because they are often research tools used in experiments.〔Wimmer, M., & Doherty, M. (2011). The development of ambiguous figure perception: Vi. conception and perception of ambiguous figures. ''Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development'', 76(1), 87-104. doi: http://dx.doi.org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2011.00595.x〕 There is varying evidence on whether ambiguous images can be represented mentally,〔Mast, F.W., & Kosslyn, S.M. (2002). Visual mental images can be ambiguous: Insights from individual differences in spatial transformation abilities. ''Cognition'', 86(1), 57-70. doi: 10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00137-3〕 but a majority of research has theorized that they cannot be properly represented mentally.〔Chambers, D., & Reisberg, D. (1985). Can mental images be ambiguous? ''Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance'', 11(3), 317-328. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.11.3.317〕
The rabbit-duck image seems to be one of the earliest of this type; first published in ''Fliegende Blätter'', a German humor magazine (Oct. 23, 1892, p. 147).
==Identifying and resolving ambiguous images==
Middle vision is the stage in visual processing that combines all the basic features in the scene into distinct, recognizable object groups. This stage of vision comes before high-level vision (understanding the scene) and after early vision (determining the basic features of an image). When perceiving and recognizing images, mid-level vision comes into use when we need to classify the object we are seeing. Higher-level vision is used when the object classified must now be recognized as a specific member of its group. For example, through mid-level vision we perceive a face, then through high-level vision we recognize a face of a familiar person. Mid-level vision and high-level vision are crucial for understanding a reality that is filled with ambiguous perceptual inputs.〔Wolfe, J., Kluender, K., & Levi, D. (2009). Sensation and perception. (2 ed.). Sunderland: Sinauer Associates.〕
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